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Ecological Drivers of Mansonella perstans Infection in Uganda and Patterns of Co-endemicity with Lymphatic Filariasis and Malaria

Identifieur interne : 001157 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001156; suivant : 001158

Ecological Drivers of Mansonella perstans Infection in Uganda and Patterns of Co-endemicity with Lymphatic Filariasis and Malaria

Auteurs : Anna-Sofie Stensgaard [Danemark] ; Penelope Vounatsou [Suisse] ; Ambrose W. Onapa [Ouganda] ; Jürg Utzinger [Suisse] ; Erling M. Pedersen [Danemark] ; Thomas K. Kristensen [Danemark] ; Paul E. Simonsen [Danemark]

Source :

RBID : PMC:4721671

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

Background

Mansonella perstans is a widespread, but relatively unknown human filarial parasite transmitted by Culicoides biting midges. Although it is found in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa, only few studies have been carried out to deepen the understanding of its ecology, epidemiology, and health consequences. Hence, knowledge about ecological drivers of the vector and parasite distribution, integral to develop spatially explicit models for disease prevention, control, and elimination strategies, is limited.

Methodology

We analyzed data from a comprehensive nationwide survey of M. perstans infection conducted in 76 schools across Uganda in 2000–2003, to identify environmental drivers. A suite of Bayesian geostatistical regression models was fitted, and the best fitting model based on the deviance information criterion was utilized to predict M. perstans infection risk for all of Uganda. Additionally, we investigated co-infection rates and co-distribution with Wuchereria bancrofti and Plasmodium spp. infections observed at the same survey by mapping geographically overlapping areas.

Principal Findings

Several bioclimatic factors were significantly associated with M. perstans infection levels. A spatial Bayesian regression model showed the best fit, with diurnal temperature range, normalized difference vegetation index, and cattle densities identified as significant covariates. This model was employed to predict M. perstans infection risk at non-sampled locations. The level of co-infection with W. bancrofti was low (0.3%), due to limited geographic overlap. However, where the two infections did overlap geographically, a positive association was found.

Conclusions/Significance

This study presents the first geostatistical risk map for M. perstans in Uganda. We confirmed a widespread distribution of M. perstans, and identified important potential drivers of risk. The results provide new insight about the ecologic preferences of this otherwise poorly known filarial parasite and its Culicoides vector species in Uganda, which might be relevant for other settings in sub-Saharan Africa.


Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004319
PubMed: 26793972
PubMed Central: 4721671


Affiliations:


Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)


Le document en format XML

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<sec id="sec001">
<title>Background</title>
<p>
<italic>Mansonella perstans</italic>
is a widespread, but relatively unknown human filarial parasite transmitted by
<italic>Culicoides</italic>
biting midges. Although it is found in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa, only few studies have been carried out to deepen the understanding of its ecology, epidemiology, and health consequences. Hence, knowledge about ecological drivers of the vector and parasite distribution, integral to develop spatially explicit models for disease prevention, control, and elimination strategies, is limited.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec002">
<title>Methodology</title>
<p>We analyzed data from a comprehensive nationwide survey of
<italic>M</italic>
.
<italic>perstans</italic>
infection conducted in 76 schools across Uganda in 2000–2003, to identify environmental drivers. A suite of Bayesian geostatistical regression models was fitted, and the best fitting model based on the deviance information criterion was utilized to predict
<italic>M</italic>
.
<italic>perstans</italic>
infection risk for all of Uganda. Additionally, we investigated co-infection rates and co-distribution with
<italic>Wuchereria bancrofti</italic>
and
<italic>Plasmodium</italic>
spp. infections observed at the same survey by mapping geographically overlapping areas.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec003">
<title>Principal Findings</title>
<p>Several bioclimatic factors were significantly associated with
<italic>M</italic>
.
<italic>perstans</italic>
infection levels. A spatial Bayesian regression model showed the best fit, with diurnal temperature range, normalized difference vegetation index, and cattle densities identified as significant covariates. This model was employed to predict
<italic>M</italic>
.
<italic>perstans</italic>
infection risk at non-sampled locations. The level of co-infection with
<italic>W</italic>
.
<italic>bancrofti</italic>
was low (0.3%), due to limited geographic overlap. However, where the two infections did overlap geographically, a positive association was found.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec004">
<title>Conclusions/Significance</title>
<p>This study presents the first geostatistical risk map for
<italic>M</italic>
.
<italic>perstans</italic>
in Uganda. We confirmed a widespread distribution of
<italic>M</italic>
.
<italic>perstans</italic>
, and identified important potential drivers of risk. The results provide new insight about the ecologic preferences of this otherwise poorly known filarial parasite and its
<italic>Culicoides</italic>
vector species in Uganda, which might be relevant for other settings in sub-Saharan Africa.</p>
</sec>
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<name sortKey="Gyapong, Jo" uniqKey="Gyapong J">JO Gyapong</name>
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<li>Danemark</li>
<li>Ouganda</li>
<li>Suisse</li>
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<li>Hovedstaden</li>
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<li>Copenhague</li>
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<name sortKey="Stensgaard, Anna Sofie" sort="Stensgaard, Anna Sofie" uniqKey="Stensgaard A" first="Anna-Sofie" last="Stensgaard">Anna-Sofie Stensgaard</name>
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<name sortKey="Kristensen, Thomas K" sort="Kristensen, Thomas K" uniqKey="Kristensen T" first="Thomas K." last="Kristensen">Thomas K. Kristensen</name>
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<name sortKey="Simonsen, Paul E" sort="Simonsen, Paul E" uniqKey="Simonsen P" first="Paul E." last="Simonsen">Paul E. Simonsen</name>
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<name sortKey="Vounatsou, Penelope" sort="Vounatsou, Penelope" uniqKey="Vounatsou P" first="Penelope" last="Vounatsou">Penelope Vounatsou</name>
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<name sortKey="Onapa, Ambrose W" sort="Onapa, Ambrose W" uniqKey="Onapa A" first="Ambrose W." last="Onapa">Ambrose W. Onapa</name>
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